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Functional Design Document
Define software functionality and system requirements clearly with this Functional Design Document template.
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Functional Design Document Template
1. Project Overview
Project Name: [Insert Project Name]
Prepared By: [Author]
Date: [Date]
Version: [Version Number]
Purpose: [Brief summary of project goals and scope]
2. System Objectives
This section defines the high-level objectives of the system.
Example: “The objective of the system is to streamline order processing by automating customer intake, inventory tracking, and invoicing.”
3. Scope
In-Scope: [List features, processes, or modules covered]
Out-of-Scope: [List excluded features or future phases]
4. User Roles and Permissions
Role 1: [e.g., Administrator] – full access to system configuration and reporting.
Role 2: [e.g., Standard User] – ability to create and process transactions.
Role 3: [e.g., Viewer] – read-only access to reports.
5. Functional Requirements
Describe each requirement in detail, structured as:
Requirement ID: FR-001
Description: [Clear, testable functional requirement]
Priority: [High/Medium/Low]
Acceptance Criteria: [How success will be measured]
6. Process Flows and Use Cases
Provide workflow diagrams or step-by-step descriptions of processes.
Example: “Customer places an order → System validates inventory → Generates invoice → Sends email confirmation.”
7. User Interface Requirements
Describe screen layouts, navigation, and user interactions. Include wireframes or mockups if available.
8. Data Requirements
Detail input fields, database structures, and data validation rules.
Example: “Customer Name (text, required), Order Quantity (numeric, must be greater than zero).”
9. Integration Requirements
List third-party systems, APIs, or services to be integrated.
Example: “System must integrate with payment gateway [Name] for transaction processing.”
10. Reporting and Outputs
Define required reports, dashboards, or exports.
Example: “Monthly sales summary by region, exportable to CSV and PDF.”
11. Error Handling and Exceptions
Specify how errors are handled, including messages displayed to users and logging procedures.
12. Security and Compliance
Outline security requirements such as authentication, authorization, encryption, and regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
13. Non-Functional Requirements
Performance: [e.g., system must process 100 transactions per second]
Availability: [e.g., 99.9% uptime]
Scalability: [e.g., must support growth to 10,000 concurrent users]
14. Acceptance Criteria
Define measurable conditions for approval.
Example: “System passes 100% of test cases in UAT and meets performance benchmarks.”
15. Appendices
Include glossary, reference documents, diagrams, or additional notes.
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Functional Design Document
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN DOCUMENT FAQ
What is a Functional Design Document?
A Functional Design Document (FDD) is a structured document that explains how a system or software application will operate. It translates business requirements into functional specifications, including workflows, data inputs, processes, and expected outputs.
Why is a Functional Design Document important?
It ensures alignment between business stakeholders and technical teams, reducing misunderstandings and costly rework. By clearly defining how the system should behave, it helps guide developers, testers, and project managers through the implementation process.
When should you use a Functional Design Document?
Use an FDD at the planning and design stage of a project, after business requirements are defined but before development begins. It is especially valuable for complex systems, integrations, or projects requiring strict compliance or documentation.
What should a Functional Design Document include?
It should outline system objectives, scope, functional requirements, workflows, data models, user roles, interface requirements, error handling, and acceptance criteria. It may also include diagrams and mockups to support understanding.
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